第四十二章:建言科举,提拔寒门
90书院(90shuyuan.com)更新快,无弹窗!
公平,是对所有人都一样,不分贵贱。那……选拔官员,是为了治理天下,让百姓过好日子,是不是也应该‘天下为公’呀?”
他先将科举与儒家经典中的“天下为公”理念挂钩,占据了道义制高点。
“儿臣知道,有些叔叔伯伯,他们的父亲、祖父为朝廷立过大功,朝廷照顾他们的后人,是应该的。但是……”他话锋一转,语气变得认真起来,“如果一个人,读书不好,本领不够,只是因为父亲是将军或者宰相,就当了大官,那他能管好百姓吗?能帮父皇分忧吗?会不会……反而把事情办砸,让百姓受苦?”
他直接点出了“恩荫”制度的弊端——能力与职位不匹配,可能导致行政效率低下,损害民生。
柴荣眼中精光一闪,并未打断。
柴宗训继续道:“儿臣在流民营的时候,看到有些官员伯伯,对百姓很凶,办事也不用心。那时候儿臣就想,如果当官的人,都是靠自己的真本事考上去的,都读过很多书,明白道理,知道百姓的苦,会不会……就对百姓好一点?事情也办得好一点?”
他将自己在流民营的亲身经历与科举改革的意义联系起来,使其思考更加接地气,也更加有说服力。
“所以,”柴宗训抬起头,目光明亮而坚定,“儿臣以为,朝廷选官,应该让所有人,不管他父亲是谁,都站在同一条线上,凭真本事考试!考得好,就让当官;考不好,就是宰相的儿子,也只能从小官做起,或者先去读书,考上了再授官!这样,那些有才华、但是家里穷的读书人,才有机会为朝廷效力;那些官家子弟,也会因为怕被比下去,而更加努力读书,不敢懈怠!”
他的建议,核心就是“打破门第,唯才是举”,将所有候选人拉到同一标准下竞争,用考试成绩作为衡量能力的唯一标尺。这并非要立刻废除恩荫,而是提出一个原则性的方向:恩荫只能作为入门资格,不能作为授官的保障;要想真正获得高位,必须通过科举或同等考核的验证。
他又补充道:“就像……就像我们小孩读书,不管是大将军的儿子,还是小吏的儿子,进了学堂,都要背同一篇文章,写同样的字,背不出来、写不好,都要被太傅罚站。这样,大家才都会认真学,不是吗?”
他用学堂里的“公平规则”来类比朝廷的“科举制度”,使抽象的政治理念变得生动易懂。
此言一出,殿内陷入短暂的寂静。
范质和王溥对视一眼,都从对方眼中看到了深深的震撼。这位皇子,不仅看出了科举制度的核心弊端,更提出了一个虽然理想化、却极具冲击力的改革方向!“站在同一条线上,凭真本事考试”——这几乎是后世“公平竞争”理念的先声!更难能可贵的是,他将这个理念与“天下为公”的经典、与“流民营见闻”的现实观察联系起来,显示出其思考并非空泛,而是源于对真实世界的观察和朴素的正义感。
柴荣眼中,则燃起了一簇明亮的光芒。儿子的话,如同一把钥匙,打开了他心中那扇一直渴望推开、却被现实顾虑重重锁住的门!公平!唯才是举!打破门第!这正是他内心深处的渴望,也是他对抗那些尾大不掉的门阀世家的最好武器!
他缓缓站起身,走到柴宗训面前,俯身,双手按住他小小的肩膀,目光灼灼:“宗训,你所言‘天下为公’、‘站在同一条线上’,朕深以为然!为君者,欲治天下,必先公天下!若连选拔官员都不能做到公平,何谈治理天下百姓?”
他直起身,转向范质和王溥,语气斩钉截铁:“传朕旨意!”
范质和王溥连忙躬身:“臣等在!”
“其一,显德五年恩科,除既定名额之外,特开‘博学宏词’、‘贤良方正’两科,面向天下士子,不限门第,不限地域,凡有真才实学者,皆可应考!由朕亲自主持殿试,拔擢真才!”
“其二,即日起,令礼部、吏部会同翰林院,修订《显德贡举条制》。核心条款:凡五品以上官员子弟,欲得官者,必须先通过州县试,取得‘解试’资格,再参加省试、殿试,与寒门士子同等竞争。考试成绩合格者,方可授官;不合格者,只能以散官、试衔留用,或继续攻读,来年再考。恩荫之制,改为‘恩准入试’——荫补者仅得考试资格,而非直接授官!”
“其三,令各地州府,设立官学,延请名师,资助贫寒学子读书习业。朝廷每年拨付专款,用于学田、膏火、笔墨纸砚之资。凡官学学生,经考核优异者,可由地方官举荐,直接参加省试!”
这三道旨意,层层递进,堪称一场雷霆万钧的科举革命!
第一条,通过特科广纳寒门贤才,打破旧有考试科目的限制。
第二条,直接削断了勋贵子弟“不学无术亦可做官”的捷径,将他们逼上与寒门公平竞争的考场。这是最核心、也最可能引发震动的改革。
第三条,则是从根
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