第三十章 异端

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了一辈子天文的人,看东西的时候习惯先对着光从不同角度反复打量,和宋应星蹲在淬火油槽前凭眼力判断火候的看家功夫截然不同。然后他用手指在钢条上轻轻弹了一下,钢条发出清脆的回响。他抬起头看着朱由检,声音不大但字字清楚:“陛下,臣不懂冶铁。但臣知道一件事——《崇祯历书》的编撰需要精密的天文仪器,而精密的天文仪器需要好钢。臣在南京用老式高炉炼出来的钢做星盘支架,用了不到半年就开始变形,星盘的精度就废了。臣今天看见这根钢条,心里有底了——科学院能炼出这么好的钢,天文科需要的精密仪器就有了着落。”
    朱由检把钢条从李之藻手里接过来,放回长桌上,拿起那杆自生火铳样枪,递给孙元化。“孙元化,你在宁远城头上帮袁崇焕部署过红衣大炮。你看这杆自生火铳,和火绳枪比,强在哪?”
    孙元化接过枪,先是反复试了试击发钮的力道,又把枪举起来对准殿脊上蹲着的一只灰鸽子瞄了一下。他的动作干脆利落,手指搭在扳机上的姿势和在宁远城头上拉红衣大炮的火绳时一模一样。
    “陛下,臣在辽东打过大大小小不下二十仗。最大的一个体会是——火绳枪在战场上最大的弱点不是威力不够,是雨天打不响。海风潮气一重,火绳就受潮,火药池结露,临阵时每十杆就有三四杆哑火。建虏的骑兵趁着这个间隙冲上来,前排阵地就挡不住。自生火铳不用火绳,燧石击发,雨天也能打响,装弹间隙比火绳枪短至少三成,而且零件可拆卸——战场上哪个坏了拧下来就能换,不用送回后方整修。”他把枪还给宋应星,然后转向毕懋康,指着他手里那张击发装置分解图,“击发钮上的铜垫加得对,手劲小的兵压不动老式击发钮,加了铜垫之后省力很多。臣在辽东见过不少新兵上了战场手直哆嗦,压不动击发钮,白白送了命。”
    朱由检看着孙元化,忽然问了一句和枪无关的话。“朕听说你写了《西洋神机》和《经武主编》。”
    孙元化点了点头。“臣写了十年。臣在《西洋神机》里专门论述了炮规、铳尺和弹药配比的标准化——同一种炮弹重量误差不得过斤,火药配比按颗粒粗细分成三等,各等备弹,按战况选用。只有标准化流程和定装弹药才能让炮兵不是在靠个人经验瞎蒙,这个道理用在自生火铳上也是一样——弹簧、击发钮、燧石片全部统一规格,每一支出厂的枪都打上工匠的名字和编号,出了问题能追查到人。”
    “说得好。标准化生产和质量追溯,这两条即日起写入科学院火器科量产章程。”朱由检转向方正化,“记下来——孙元化入科学院火器科,与毕懋康同治自生火铳标准化量产,授正五品衔。同时把他在辽东协助袁崇焕部署红衣大炮的战例写成教材,供火器科炮术研习所用。”
    孙元化跪下叩首,站起来的时候那只手还按在腰间的刀柄上,和在宁远城头上拉火绳时一模一样。
    朱由检又走到方以智面前。方以智站得笔直,那双又黑又亮的眼睛毫不避让地看着皇帝,完全不像个第一次进宫的十七岁少年。他进门之后一直没说话,但目光已经把长桌上的每一件东西都拆了一遍,此刻正停在毕懋康手里那张击发装置分解图上。
    “方以智,朕读过你的文章。《物理小识》手稿里那句‘物有其故,实考究之’——是你自己想的,还是跟谁学的?”
    “回陛下,臣自己想的。臣家里三代都是读书人,祖父是进士,父亲也是进士。他们教臣读经,臣读经之余喜欢拆东西——家里的铜壶、织机、燧石打火镰,一样一样拆开看。读经教臣知道先贤的道理,拆东西让臣知道这些道理的零件是怎么拼起来的。后来臣在桐城老家结识了一位意大利传教士,从他那里读到了几页伽利略的手抄本,讲的是落体实验——那位先生说,伽利略在比萨斜塔上同时扔了两个球,一个重一个轻,结果同时落地。臣当时不信,自己爬上老家的城楼扔了两块石头,一块三斤,一块七两。落地的时间确实差不多。”
    朱由检嘴角微微动了一下。“你今年十七岁,读了经,拆了铜壶,还自己爬城楼验证了伽利略的落体实验。你有师父吗?”
    “臣没有师父。臣的老师是家里的铜壶、织机,和桐城城楼上扔下去的两块石头。”
    朱由检把目光转向毕懋康。毕懋康点了点头,把手里那张击发装置分解图递给方以智。方以智接过图纸,从头到尾看了一遍。图上画着自生火铳击发装置的每一个零件——龙头、燧石片、卡榫、弹簧、铜垫。旁边的尺寸标注用的是王徵特有的标识法:量过壁厚、孔径与角度再逐一标注尺寸,精确到毫厘。
    (本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第三十章异端(第2/2页)
    “陛下,毕尚书这图纸是按王主事的《远西奇器图说》画法画的——先定基准面,再从基准面出发逐处量尺寸。但弹道不是直线,弹丸飞出枪管之
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