第81章 缠绕的网线
90书院(90shuyuan.com)更新快,无弹窗!
室或建筑群内。具有高数据传输率和低延迟的特点。
WAN:覆盖地理范围广泛的电信网络,用于连接不同的局域网。互联网本身就是世界上最大的广域网。路由器的主要功能之一就是实现LAN到WAN的互联。
4.TCP/IP(传输控制协议/网际协议)
文中语境:艾米蹲在机器前念出的术语,识别出这是“把软件的协议写进了硬件里”。
具体含义:这是互联网的基础通信架构。IP负责给设备分配地址并进行路由选择;TCP负责在发送端和接收端之间建立可靠的连接,确保数据包按顺序、无差错地传输。在1988年,TCP/IP正在逐步击败其他私有协议,成为全球网络的通用标准。
5.数据包
文中语境:博萨克抱怨“数据包在大流量并发时总是丢失”。
具体含义:数据包是分组交换网络中传输的最小数据单位。当信息(如邮件或文件)在网络上传输时,会被分割成若干个小的数据块(包),每个包包含源地址、目标地址和部分数据内容。如果网络拥堵或硬件处理能力不足,数据包会被丢弃,即“丢包”。
6.数据流
文中语境:艾米分析电路板时指出“DataflOW...TOOfaSthere”。
具体含义:指数据在计算机系统各组件之间(如从内存到处理器,或从端口到总线)传输的路径和速率。数据流的通畅程度直接决定了系统的吞吐量。
7.缓冲区
文中语境:艾米指出博萨克的机器“BUffer...tOOSmall”,导致数据堵塞。
具体含义:缓冲区是物理内存(RAM)中的一个预留区域,用于临时存储正在从一个设备传输到另一个设备的数据。在路由器中,当入站数据速率快于出站处理速率时(例如局域网高速数据涌入,而广域网出口带宽不足或处理器繁忙),数据会被暂存在缓冲区。如果缓冲区容量过小(溢出),新到达的数据包就会被直接丢弃,导致网络延迟或连接中断。
8.瓶颈
文中语境:艾米指出内存控制芯片和主处理器之间存在“瓶颈”。
具体含义:指系统中限制整体性能的关键环节。在硬件电路中,通常指带宽最低、处理速度最慢或热稳定性最差的部分。文中提到数据交换通道发热,说明该处的物理设计无法承载当前的数据吞吐量,导致系统效能受限。
9.分流电容/旁路电容
文中语境:艾米画图建议在发热芯片处增加“Need...bypaSS?”(需要旁路?)。
具体含义:在高速数字电路中,芯片在开关状态切换时会产生高频噪声,导致电压波动,进而引发逻辑错误或过热。旁路电容被放置在芯片电源引脚附近,用于滤除高频噪声,提供一个低阻抗的电流回路,稳定电源电压。艾米提出的方案是通过硬件电路的修正来解决由物理热效应导致的数据处理逻辑卡顿。
接下来的几章都会有大量专业知识,所以我打算在章末像这样列出可能需要解释的相关名词。不知道各位喜欢这样的形式来科普吗?如果觉得还行的话,之后的章节我会加上这些注解;如果认为有碍观感的话,我就不加。
不知各位意下如何?请在这里给我答复。
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