《奇辩启真》
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的字我一个不识,可我看得懂棋呀!黑子白子,这么一走,那么一围,不用字我也明白。那些字,是写给不懂棋的人看的。真懂棋的,看棋子就够了。”
他跳下栏杆,跑到茶案边,指着那套天青釉茶具:“这杯子,泡茶好用,就是好杯子。非要先读什么《茶经》,知道它是‘雨过天青云破处’的颜色,是柴窑还是汝窑,烧的时候火候几分——知道了这些,茶就更香么?”
童观气结:“这是两回事!”
“是一回事!”嘉儿梗着脖子,“我知道蚯蚓怕太阳,所以下雨前它出来。爹爹非要我先读《诗经》,读《尔雅》,知道它叫‘蜿蟺’,知道‘蚯蚓出土,天要下雨’是农谚——知道了这些,我就更懂蚯蚓啦?我不还是只知道它怕太阳?”
这孩子说话如连珠炮,歪理一套套,偏又驳他不倒。童观脸一阵红一阵白,柳氏想劝又不知如何劝。敏儿躲在母亲身后,睁着大眼睛看表哥,满脸崇拜。
柳文渊忽然抚掌:“好一个‘直指本心’!嘉儿,你这些话,虽似歪理,却暗合禅机。昔年六祖慧能大师,一字不识,却悟得无上菩提。可见文字本是筏,渡河之后,当舍筏登岸。若负筏而行,反成累赘。”
贾岳却摇头:“不然。六祖乃旷世奇才,千年一出。寻常人若无文字指引,只怕要在迷津中打转,终身不得渡。嘉儿今日能说这些,恰是因他生在诗书之家,耳濡目染,方有这般见识。若真让他做个睁眼瞎子,他还能说出‘道在蚯蚓’的话么?”
这话冷静犀利。嘉儿眨眨眼,忽然不说话了。他蹲回地上,又拿起木片,在之前那幅画旁,重新画起来。
这次他画了个小人,小人头顶写着“我”。从小人身上引出三条线:一条连到蚯蚓,标着“看”;一条连到书,标着“读”;一条连到另一个小人,标着“听”。然后他在三条线交汇处画了个圈,圈里写了个“道”字。
“太爷爷说的对。”嘉儿丢下木片,拍拍手,“我不识字,可我听太爷爷讲故事,听柳爷爷说古,听爹爹教道理——这也是‘读’,用耳朵读。眼睛看,耳朵听,心里想,凑一块儿,才能明白道。缺了哪个都不行。”
他仰起小脸,晨光洒在稚嫩的面孔上:“可要是只许用眼睛‘读’,不许用眼睛‘看’,那就好比……”他四下张望,看见茶案上的点心,眼睛一亮,“好比只许吃玫瑰酥,不许吃松子糖。明明两样都好吃,偏要只吃一样,不是傻么?”
这比喻稚气十足,却让众人豁然开朗。柳文渊长叹:“好个‘三窍通明’!看、听、想,正是格物致知的三条路径。读书是听古人言,观物是看天地象,思索是以己心印道心。三者缺一不可,偏废任何一方,都是买椟还珠。”
贾岳神色缓和下来。他看着重孙,目光复杂。这孩子像一块未经雕琢的璞玉,天生带着灵性。可这灵性若不加以引导,只怕会流入狂诞。沉吟良久,他缓缓道:“嘉儿,我且问你:你说看、听、想都要。那若是看错了、听歪了、想偏了,如何是好?”
嘉儿挠挠头:“那就……再看、再听、再想?”
“看一百次错一百次呢?”
“那……”嘉儿语塞,小脸皱成一团。
童观此时终于找着话头,温声道:“所以需要圣贤之书。圣贤是过来人,他们看过、听过、想过,把对的留下来,写成书。我们读他们的书,就能少走弯路。譬如行路,有地图指引,总好过自己乱闯。”
(本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)《奇辩启真》(第2/2页)
嘉儿眼睛一亮:“爹爹是说,书是地图?”
“正是。”
“那地图画错了呢?”嘉儿追问,“要是画地图的人自己就走错了路呢?”
又是一记重击。童观张了张嘴,竟无言以对。是啊,圣贤就不会错么?经书就不会讹误么?历代注疏,各执一词,又该信谁?
柳文渊忽然朗声笑起来。他起身走到嘉儿面前,蹲下身,平视着孩子的眼睛:“嘉儿,你今日这番话,比那些皓首穷经的老学究强多了。读书为何?不是为了信书,是为了疑书;不是为了跪在书前,是为了站在书上。你看——”
他起身,从书案取来一本《论语》,翻开一页,指着一行字:“‘学而时习之,不亦说乎’。这句话,千百年来人人都这般解:学了要时常温习,很快乐。可朱熹这般解,王阳明那般解,颜元又是一种解。哪个对?或许都对,或许都只对了一半。”他合上书,“读书如照镜,镜中是你,也不是你。重要的是照镜的人,不是镜子本身。”
嘉儿似懂非懂,但“站在书上”四字让他眼睛发亮。他忽然问:“柳爷爷,那您读了那么多书,是站在书上了么?”
柳文渊怔住了。半晌,他缓缓摇头:“我啊……大半辈子,是跪在书前。直到今日,听你这小兒一番胡言,才恍然惊觉——是该站起来了
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