第642 章 前凉8
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筑
西晋末期，长安、洛阳在八王之乱、永嘉之乱这两次战乱中尽毁，尤其是汉代的大型宫廷建筑被毁的一干二净，后来司马睿衣冠南渡，而士族们北上投奔凉州张轨，张轨利用这批人大造姑臧，尤其是汉代的那些大型宫廷建筑，均造立于姑臧城内。
《周礼》对都城宫室方位布局有严格要求，开宗明义的第一句话就是“惟王建国,辨方正位”（《周礼》称都城为“国”）。古代都城方位布局极重视“礼”制,最核心一点是将宫殿置于都城中央显赫位置,以烘托宫殿的重威。《荀子·大略篇》说:“欲近四旁，莫如中央。故王者必居天下之中，礼也。”可见,“辨方正位”、以“中”为尊是礼制的要求。谦光殿是前凉是最宏伟的建筑物，是前凉举行国家盛典的地方，所以在规划、营建中恪守了这一点，张骏在谦光殿的四面各筑造了一座宫殿。《晋书·张骏传》载：“又于姑臧城南筑城，起谦光殿，画以五色，饰以金玉，穷尽珍巧。殿之四面各起一殿，东曰宜阳青殿，以春三月居之，章服器物皆依方色;南曰朱阳赤殿，夏三月居之;西曰政刑白殿，秋三月居之;北曰玄武黑殿，冬三月居之。其傍皆有直省内官寺署，一同方色。及末年，任所游处，不复依四时而居。”谦光殿和四时宫在东亚的宫廷建筑中占有显赫地位。
姑臧城的营建不仅遵循“礼”制，还取法于天象，同时融合儒家学派的思想。这与张氏本为儒学世家，其祖上张耳的叔叔张苍师从儒学三巨头之一的荀子有直接关系。《三辅黄图》记载“苍龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武，天之四灵，以正四方；王者制宫阙殿阁取法焉。”古人用青、红、白、黑代表东、南、西、北四个方向。所以，从张骏在谦光殿四周建造的这四座宫殿四时宫的命名可以看出姑臧城的营建与阴阳五行有密切关系。此外，还有天龟观（天龟：《周礼·春官·龟人》：“龟人掌六龟之属，各有名物。天龟曰灵属。”《星经》卷下：“天龟六星，在尾南汉中。”）、神雀观、飞鸾观等的命名也与天象有密切关系。而神鸟观与藏地的苯教又有直接关联。所以姑臧城的营造也受到藏地建筑的深远影响。
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